In a Decade, AI Expected to Increase UK Power Consumption by 500%

The projected increase in electricity demand from UK data centres over the next decade, driven by the growth of artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies, presents significant challenges for the country’s electricity grid. National Grid Plc’s CEO, John Pettigrew, emphasized the need for expanded computing infrastructure to support technologies like AI and quantum computing. This expansion will strain an already burdened grid, which must handle not only the increased demands from data centres but also the growing electrification of various sectors like home heating, transportation and industries.

To address this challenge, National Grid is considering implementing an ultra-high-voltage network, potentially doubling the current capacity. This would facilitate more efficient bulk power transfers across the country, connecting major energy sources with demand centres. This approach contrasts with the current system of individual connection projects, each requiring separate approvals and infrastructure. However, such a significant upgrade comes with a hefty price tag, estimated at around £112 billion ($142 billion), in addition to the ongoing investments needed to achieve the country’s net-zero emissions goals.

The proposed grid expansion is part of a broader trend seen globally, with many countries facing similar challenges in accommodating the rising electricity demands of data centres, AI and cryptocurrencies. The International Energy Agency forecasts that global electricity demand from these sectors could more than double in the next three years.

Energy Minister Graham Stuart acknowledged the substantial cost and complexity of building and upgrading the grid, identifying it as a significant barrier for the department. Meeting these challenges will require careful planning, investment and collaboration between government, industry and other stakeholders to ensure the resilience and sustainability of the electricity infrastructure while supporting the growth of emerging technologies.